Tag Archives: Voxel Slicing

Misc: XYZdims State 2022/02

Updates:

  • 2022/02/20: finally published
  • 2022/02/08: ready to publish finally with some delay
  • 2022/01/28: not yet published, removed Universal Slicing details for future blog-post, added more photos and illustrations
  • 2022/01/16: starting write-up

Introduction

Aside of the technical detailed filled blog-posts I like to start to post about the larger context of my inner motivations doing XYZdims.com – this is the first post “XYZdims State 2022/02”:

More Slicers

Recent in-house developments having more slicers to experiment with, in regards of slicing techniques as well lay the ground for more complex slicing and mapping/transformation operations to support arbitrary non-planar slicing (coming soon).

LabSlicer: The Mother

Big Picture of XYZdims – State 2022/02
(click on it and then zoom in, it’s a large image)

As I was working with Slicer4RTN and wrappers like Cura-CLI-Wrapper and Kiri:Moto Slicer (CLI wrapper), and adopting Mandoline fork – I realized I need to have my own slicer, so in November 2021 I started from scratch, as I thought I need to know every detail and so I exposed each step or stage:

  • mesh: load mesh, vertices & faces
  • slice: slice layers into sets of polygons
  • route: route the layer polygons with walls, infills etc
  • gcode: convert routes to G-code

A “lab(oratory) slicer” or simply LabSlicer was born – I defined each stage: API and file-format it takes in and spits out.

After a couple of weeks I had slicing into polygons, and routing of walls, basic infills, skirts, brims and eventually intermediary top & bottom layers resolved, and I was able to generate printable gcode:

Meanwhile LabSlicer as of version 0.1.5 has matured to print complex models reliably but rather performs slow compared to Slic3r or Cura.

As of 2022/02 I’m even use LabSlicer and its relatives (featured below) for productive 3D prints.

Vox3lSlicer: Voxels

Aside of LabSlicer I began to develop Vox3lSlicer which utilizes internally the OpenVDB voxel library, in order to slice planar and in the future non-planar as well, and also permit to slice voxel-based models efficiently.

A few tests with OpenSCAD Logo model (~20mm height) with various amount voxel samples, from low resolution to high resolution:

and with defined voxel sizes:

As LabSlicer matured and LabSlicerCore library came to life, Vox3lSlicer (2011/11) utilizes the stage route and gcode of LabSlicerCore to actually produce printable G-code.

Testing the retraction code and settings of Vox3lSlicer, rotating the model in order to avoid support structure altogether:

VoxGLSlicer: OpenGL Slicing

Early VoxGLSlicer tests

As I was looking for other slicing procedures I came across OpenGL-ST-Slicer, which utilizes a clever OpenGL setup with GLSL (Shader Language) to render a mesh to a framebuffer with the volume information, and so slicing is done solely in the GPU almost instantly – I extended this approach and glued it together with LabSlicerCore and I was able to produce also printable G-code – VoxGLSlicer was born (2022/01).

Due the limitation of the internal framebuffer width & height the resolution of the slicing changes with the size of the model aka “relative resolution”:

model width [mm]pixel size [mm] @ 2560 pixels
200.008 or 8 μm
500.019 or 19 μm
1000.039 or 39 μm
2000.078 or 78 μm
5000.19 or 195 μm
10000.39 or 390 μm

and just for illustration about “pixel size” related to a ~20mm model:

3 Slicers

After a few weeks coding (2021/11-2022/01), I was able to raise 3 slicers, each with their unique slicing approaches to create printable G-code, by having a common API and use symbiotic advantage of each other:

LabSlicerVox3lSlicerVoxGLSlicer
meshmesh.py1) multi-format mesh importeropenvdb STL importermesh.py1) multi-format mesh importer
sliceslicing mesh to polygons (vectorizing)slice voxels into polygons (vectorizing)screenbuffer into polygons (vectorizing)
routeroute polygons to routesLabSlicerCore’s routeLabSlicerCore’s route
gcodeconvert routes to G-codeLabSlicerCore’s gcodeLabSlicerCore’s gcode
+ traditional slicer with polygons
+ all stages fully implemented
– slow slicing2)
+ fast slicing
+ flexible resolution
+ reliable
+ fast slicing
– fixed screenbuffer size
– relative resolution

All three slicers are very experimental and play a significant role for the next step – Universal Slicing.

Footnotes:

  1. mesh.py is loading/saving 3d meshs/models and some simple manipulations tuned toward my use cases
  2. mesh slicing not yet optimized

So any optimizing of routing (wall, infill, intermediary top/bottom layers etc) and gcode optimizing all three slicers benefit from.

YAGV & Nautilus Thumbnailer Supporting ArcWelder

After the implementing G2/G3 emulation for gcode2png as part of the G-code thumbnailer, I also added it to G-code viewer yagv fork of mine:

Print3r

And just for sake of giving a bit of context, adding ArcWelderLib in the pipeline of Print3r via the configuration:

# first declare new post-processor named "arcwelder":
post_arcwelder = ArcWelder %i %o
# optionally, define it to be active (all the time):
post = arcwelder

or optionally enable it on the command-line:

% print3r print cube.stl --post=arcwelder

That’s it for now.

References